Frontiers determination of the key resistance gene. Ascochyta blight is the most severe disease of coolseason pulses davidson and kimber, 2007. Historical and contemporary multilocus population structure of ascochyta rabiei teleomorph. Ascochyta rabieiomicsgroupjournal of plant pathology and. The disease is particularly severe under cool and humid weather conditions. In vitro evaluation of the comparative effects of fungicides on mycelial growth of ascochyta rabiei revealed that a. Ascochyta rabiei teleomorph didymella rabiei is a directly penetrating, necrotrophic fungus that infects all aboveground parts of chickpea cicer arietinum. Dna indicated that such microsatellites are useful for population studies in this fungus. In this paper, attempts have been made to summarize the progress made in. Numerous revisions to the members of the genus and its. Chen, united states department of agricultureagriculture re search service, department of plant. Ascochyta blight is known to be induced by fungi phoma exigua var.
The pathogen attacks all aerial portions of the plant. The ssr fingerprints three or four repeats generated using arabiei. Pdf management of ascochyta rabiei by chenopodium album. To evaluate the effect of new fungicide management on the ascochyta blight field trial was conducted in 20 cropping season on randomized complete blocks design with three. Ascochyta rabiei, a necrotrophic ascomycete fungus, causes a very lethal soil borne. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of resistance in the. Ascochyta blight, caused by the fungal pathogen, ascochyta rabiei, is the most serious chickpea disease worldwide.
All reliably identified isolates of the fungus produce toxins in culture, known as the solanapyrones, of which solanapyrone a is the most frequently found and also the most toxic. Ascochyta blight, caused by ascochyta rabiei, is a serious disease of chickpea cicer arietinum and fungicide applications are used to manage the disease in the north central plains 4. Davidson ja, hartley d, priest m, krysinskakaczmarek m, herdina, mckay a, scott es 2009 a new species of phoma causes ascochyta blight symptoms on field peas pisum sativum in south australia. Pdf development of ascochyta blight ascochyta rabiei. Effects of leaf wetness duration, relative humidity, light and dark on infection and sporulation by didymella rabiei on chickpea o. Cu nnell birkbeck college, university of london with 6 textfigures ascochyta acori oud, found on dead leaves of acorus calamus l.
Management of ascochyta rabiei by chenopodium album extracts. The interaction of this pathogen with its host involves diverse strategies due to the necrotrophic nature of the a. Resistance in ilc 200, ilc 5921, ilc 6043 and ilc 6090 was governed by a single recessive gene. Predictive modeling for chickpea blight ascochyta rabiei occurrence in the semiarid zone using meteorological data from faisalabad, pakistan. Didymella rabiei, the teleomorph of ascochyta rabiei.
Pathotype variability is necessary to select the appropriate pathotype for screening. Few genetic studies have been made to determine the inheritance of resistance to ascochyta blight ascochyta rabiei pass lab. Ascochyta blight of pea bugwood center for invasive. The species didymella fabae anamorph ascochyta fabae that attacks vicia faba can survive and reproduce. Strains of ascochyta rabiei which are pathogenic to chickpea cicer arietinum l. To understand the composition of fungi associated with this disease in zhejiang province, china. In most countries, weed control is done by manual weeding or cultivation by animal or tractordrawn implements. Management of ascochyta blight ascochyta r abiei in. Baseline sensitivity of ascochyta rabiei to azoxystrobin. Mathaudaa adepartment of agricultural meteorology, punjab agricultural university, ludhiana, 141004, india. Pathogenic and genetic diversity in ascochyta rabiei populations in pakistan were evaluated. Two of the most widely used fungicide active ingredients for control of ascochyta blight in the united states are azoxystrobin. Although advancements in agronomic research and variety development have reduced the impact of ascochyta blight in recent years, it remains an important disease that requires careful scouting and management.
Scouting and management of ascochyta blight in chickpea. Agrobacterium tumefaciens was used to transform ascochyta rabiei, the causal agent of chickpea blight. Fungicides management is essential to control this disease. Ascochyta leaf blight results in the rapid development of large irregularly shaped, strawcolored patches on kentucky bluegrass, and occasionally tall rescue and perennial ryegrass during the summer. The specific epithet rabiei refers to rabbia del ceci or rabies of chickpea, a name for the disease. An update on genetic resistance of chickpea to ascochyta.
Cytology and genetics of sexual incompatibility in. Production of chickpea in the rainy season main cropping in ethiopia could not be envisaged without fungicide application to control ascochyta rabiei. Pdf abstract ascochyta blight is the ethiopias most important disease of chickpea that affects the quantitative and. Studies on the control of ascochyta blight in field peas. Pdf isolation of ascochyta rabiei and a convenient. Epidemiology and management of ascochyta blight of field. Plant disease february 2008 295 baseline sensitivity of ascochyta rabiei to azoxystrobin, pyracl ostrobin, and boscalid k. Ascochyta is a genus of ascomycete fungi, containing several species that are pathogenic to plants, particularly cereal crops. Effect of plant age on resistance to ascochyta rabiei in. In recent years this disease has become the most important disease in chickpeas. Ambayeba muimbakankolongo, in food crop production by smallholder farmers in southern africa, 2018. Ascochyta blight of chickpeas plant management network. Ascochyta rabiei is the causal agent of blight of chickpea, an important food legume crop for human populations in developing countries.
It also produces toxins, for example, solana pyrones a, b, c, and phytotoxins that kill host tissue. Breeding for host resistance is an efficient means to combat this disease. Introduction on infected seed occurred in australia and canada in the 1970s, and was. Although ascochyta blight is widely prevalent in the region, its severity is low to moderate in most farmers fields. In an effort to better understand the risk from selective adaptation to currently used resistance. Reduction in solanapyrone phytotoxin production by. This is the first report on detection of genetic diversity in a. Resistance in ilc 202 and ilc 2956 was conferred by two recessive complementary genes. Ascochyta rabiei, chickpea, microsatellite, its sequencing, genetic. Ascochyta rabiei pdf fulltext ascochyta blight ascochyta rabiei pass. During spore germination and infection, germ tubes secrete a mucilaginous substance to facilitate attachment to the host surface, and the invading fungus produces cellwalllytic enzymes to penetrate the. Isolation of ascochyta rabiei and a convenient method for copious inoculum production. Myles partially resistant using two isolates of ascochyta rabiei.
Ascochyta blight of chickpeas is caused by the fungal pathogen phoma rabiei formerly known as ascochyta rabiei which is specific to chickpeas. Because the ascochyta fungus is primarily a foliar pathogen, diseased turfgrass usually recovers relatively quickly. Ascochyta blight caused by didymella rabiei anamorph. Didymella rabiei is the teleomorph of ascochyta rabiei, which is the anamorph, but both names are the same species. Gudmestad, department of plant pathology, north dakota state university, fargo 58105.
Toxin production by ascochyta rabiei, the causal agent of. Ascochyta rabiei is an important foliar disease of chickpea in many countries. Ascospores of didymella rabiei were trapped from chickpea stubble containing naturally occurring pseudothecia. Evaluation of various fungicides for the control of. Comparative transcriptome analysis of the necrotrophic. Ascochyta rabiei blight disease in chickpea is caused by a fungus that exists both in sexual didymella rabiei and asexual stages ascochyta rabiei. Ascochyta blight, an infection caused by a complex of ascochyta pinodes, ascochyta pinodella, ascochyta pisi, andor phoma koolunga, is a destructive disease in many field peas pisum sativum l. Ascochyta blight disease caused by ascochyta rabiei is a major constraint to chickpea cicer arietinum production worldwide and remains an unresolved problem.
The primers amplify the internal transcribed spacer its regions of a. Development of the teleomorph of ascochyta rabiei on. Rapd analysis is advantageous over rflps because it requires a small amount of dna, is technically easy, and. Hydroxylation and odemethylation reactions led to the isoflavones pratensein, genistein, and orobol, which were rapidly further degraded. Several disease management options have been developed to control the pathogen, including breeding for host plant resistance. Ascochyta rabiei, a necrotrophic ascomycete fungus, causes a very lethal soilborne and foliar disease in chickpea called ascochyta blight. Blight disease caused by the fungus ascochyta rabiei is considered to be the major constraint to chickpea production. Ascochyta rabiei makes fungicidal seed treatments essential and useful 7. The genus was first described in 1830 by marieanne libert, who regarded the spores as minute asci and the cell contents as spherical spores. Systematic mycology and microbiology laboratory invasive fungi fact sheets ascochyta blight of broad beansdidymella fabaeascochyta fabae ascochyta blight is the most severe disease of coolseason pulses davidson and kimber, 2007. The fungus is heterothallic and requires the pairing of two compatible mating types for the teleomorph to develop. Chlorothalonil, carbendazim and mancozeb were used to control. Ascochyta rabiei is a necrotrophic fungus that causes devastating blight disease of chickpea cicer arietinum.
Pdf predictive modeling for chickpea blight ascochyta. Inheritance of resistance to race 4 of ascochyta rabiei was studied in fifteen chickpea accessions known internationally for ascochyta blight ab resistance. Employing a tdna containing a hygromycin resistance gene hph, 908 transformants were obtained from germinated pycnidiospores on a selective medium containing hygromycin. Ascospores produced typical ascochyta rabiei cultures on potatodextrose agar plus gentamicin. The number of lesions, their average and total lengths, and the linear infection index were used to establish a quantitative scale. Hybrid generations obtained from crosses between several chickpea cultivars were used to develop a quantitative scale to assess the reaction of chickpea cicer arietinum to ascochyta rabiei under controlled conditions. Introduction didymella rabiei kovachevski arx, the teleomorph of ascochyta rabiei pass. Didymella rabiei in the pacific northwest of the united states t. Revised october 20 ascochyta blight of chickpeas in. Draft genome sequencing and secretome analysis of fungal.
The impact of plant age on resistance to ascochyta blight of chickpea cicer arietinum was assessed on kabuli cvs. Ascochyta blight is the ethiopias most important disease of chickpea that affects the quantitative and qualitative chickpea yield. Tests were conducted under controlled conditions and in field trials in 1999 and 2000. Gent, martha mikkelson,and jack riesselman identification and life cycle ascochyta blight of pea is caused by several fungi, including phoma medicaginis var. Didymella rabiei causes ascochyta blight ab disease of the chickpea cicer arietinum l. It was determined that the best condition for assaying pathogenicity of a. Ascochyta blight developed on chickpea plants inoculated with conidia derived from singleascospore cultures. Labrousse, is a serious fungal pathogen of chickpea cicer arietinum l. Prospecting for sources of resistance to ascochyta blight in wild. Pdf management of ascochyta blight ascochyta rabiei in.
Muehlbauer department of plant pathology and center for reproductive biology. Baseline sensitivity of ascochyta rabiei to azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and boscalid article pdf available in plant disease 922 february 2008 with 295 reads how we measure reads. Abstract genetic diversity in ascochyta rabiei pass. Systematic mycology and microbiology laboratory invasive. Effects of leaf wetness duration, relative humidity, light. Crop science abstract inheritance of resistance to. However, a large diversity in aggressiveness exists. Ascochyta fabae attacks vicia faba and can survive and reproduce in and spread from crop debris or be transported in infected seed. Transformants were confirmed using pcr and southern analyses and. Uc27 susceptible and sanford and b90 partially resistant and desi cv.
Ascochyta blight ab caused by ascochyta rabiei pass. Tilt completely inhibited the fungus growth even at 5 mew gml, while topas c50 did so at 50 mew gml concentration. Management of ascochyta blight ascochyta rabiei in. Development of ascochyta blight ascochyta rabiei in chickpea as affected by host resistance and plant age. Inheritance of resistance to ascochyta rabiei in 15. Pdf chenopodium album, leaves were selected to evaluate their antifungal potential against ascochyta rabiei causative agent for chickpea blight find, read and cite all the research you. Analysis of genome and secretome of ascochyta rabiei.
Genetic and pathogenic diversity within ascochyta rabieipass. A quantitative scale for assessing chickpea reaction to. Frontiers evidence and consequence of a highly adapted. Isolation, characterization and development of a rapid method to detect inhibitors of the chickpea fungal pathogen ascochyta rabiei. Phoma rabiei population has low genotypic diversity with only one mating type detected to date, potentially precluding substantial evolution through recombination. Ascochyta blight, chickpea, mating system, nuclear cytology, population genetics accepted for publication july 19, 1995.
145 900 1279 920 787 444 874 1220 950 780 144 354 438 1154 1176 454 612 1330 109 416 1380 1150 495 565 831 80 1059 24 287 269 786 610 104